Artificial Intelligence and Generative AI Policy

Artificial intelligence systems, chatbots, large language models, or other automated tools cannot be listed as authors, co-authors, or corresponding authors.

Authorship requires accountability for the accuracy, integrity, originality, ethical compliance, and final approval of the work. AI systems cannot assume these responsibilities.

Only eligible human contributors may be listed as authors.

Authors are fully responsible for all material included in their manuscript, regardless of whether AI-assisted technologies were used during its preparation.

Authors must verify:

• Accuracy of the text
• Accuracy of data and calculations
• Validity of analyses
• Accuracy and existence of references
• Originality of the content
• Appropriate attribution of sources
• Accuracy of figures, tables, and code
• Compliance with copyright and licensing requirements
• Absence of fabricated or misleading information

The use of AI does not transfer responsibility from the authors to the AI provider or tool.

AI-assisted tools may be used responsibly for purposes including:

• Language improvement
• Grammar and spelling assistance
• Improving readability
• Translation assistance
• Coding assistance
• Data-analysis assistance
• Literature organisation
• Research-support activities
• Generation of preliminary ideas or structures
• Other legitimate research or writing assistance

Such use must not replace the authors' intellectual responsibility, independent scholarly judgement, or responsibility for the final work.

Use of conventional spelling, grammar, formatting, reference-management, or similar tools that do not generate substantial intellectual content does not normally require a separate AI disclosure.

Where a generative AI system substantially generates, rewrites, interprets, analyses, or contributes content to the manuscript, its use should be disclosed.

Authors must disclose substantial use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies in the preparation or conduct of submitted work.

Depending on the type of use, disclosure may be included in the cover letter, a dedicated AI-use statement, the Methods section, the Acknowledgements section, or another appropriate section.

The disclosure should identify, where relevant:

• Name of the AI tool or system
• Provider or developer
• Version or model, where known
• Purpose for which it was used
• Nature and extent of its contribution

Where AI use forms part of the research methodology, sufficient methodological information should be provided to support evaluation and reproducibility.

If an AI or machine-learning system is part of the actual research method, experiment, analysis, simulation, software pipeline, or engineering system being studied, its use should be described as part of the scientific methodology rather than merely as writing assistance.

Authors should provide information necessary to understand and, where reasonably possible, reproduce the work, which may include:

• Model or system used
• Version
• Relevant parameters
• Prompts or instructions where scientifically material
• Data used
• Validation procedures
• Relevant software or code
• Date of access where system behaviour may change over time

The level of detail should be appropriate to the scientific significance of the AI system in the study.

AI-generated or AI-assisted text may not be submitted without adequate human review.

Authors must ensure that such text is factually accurate, represents the authors' intended meaning, does not contain fabricated claims or references, does not plagiarise or improperly reproduce existing material, and properly acknowledges relevant sources.

AI-generated content should not be treated as an authoritative source merely because it appears confident or technically sophisticated.

Authors must personally verify every reference included in the manuscript.

Fabricated, nonexistent, inaccurate, misleading, or irrelevant citations generated by AI tools are not acceptable.

Authors should cite the original scholarly or authoritative source supporting a claim rather than relying on an AI-generated answer as the primary evidence.

Authors must not present AI-generated, simulated, synthetic, altered, or fabricated information as genuine experimental or observational data unless its synthetic or simulated nature is an explicit and legitimate part of the research methodology.

Any use of synthetic or AI-generated data must be clearly described.

Fabrication or falsification of research results using AI will be treated as research misconduct.

AI-generated or substantially AI-modified images, figures, photographs, or visual evidence must not be presented as authentic experimental observations where this would be misleading.

Where generative AI is legitimately used as part of the research method, image synthesis research, computer-vision experiments, simulation, engineering design, data augmentation, or other scientifically relevant procedures, its use must be clearly identified and described.

Routine adjustments to figures remain subject to JDDIEA's general image-integrity and research-misconduct requirements.

Authors may use AI-assisted coding tools.

Authors remain responsible for correctness of the code, scientific validity, security implications where relevant, licensing and intellectual-property issues, reproducibility, and accuracy of results generated using the code.

Where AI-generated code materially contributes to the scientific methodology or results, its use should be disclosed appropriately.

Authors must not upload confidential, private, personally identifiable, proprietary, restricted, unpublished, or otherwise protected information into an AI system unless they have appropriate authority and the system provides suitable confidentiality and data-protection safeguards.

Authors remain responsible for complying with applicable ethics approvals, consent requirements, institutional requirements, contractual obligations, and data-protection rules.

Manuscripts submitted to JDDIEA are confidential scholarly communications.

Reviewers must not upload a submitted manuscript, substantial manuscript content, confidential supplementary material, author data, or unpublished research into external generative AI systems where confidentiality cannot be assured.

A reviewer wishing to use an AI-assisted system in a manner involving manuscript content must first obtain permission from the journal.

Reviewers remain personally responsible for the accuracy of their review, their recommendation, confidentiality, independent critical evaluation, and disclosure of relevant AI use.

AI-generated reviewer reports must not replace the reviewer's own scholarly assessment.

Editors and editorial staff must protect the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts.

They must not upload confidential manuscripts or peer-review materials to external AI systems where appropriate confidentiality cannot be assured.

Where AI tools are used to assist with editorial or administrative tasks, human editorial judgement must remain responsible for the final decision.

AI systems must not independently make final decisions to accept a manuscript, reject a manuscript, determine research misconduct, or resolve an appeal.

Final scholarly and ethical decisions must remain under appropriate human editorial responsibility.

JDDIEA may use appropriate tools to assist editorial assessment.

Results produced by automated AI-content detection systems should not by themselves be treated as conclusive evidence of misconduct.

Any significant concern should be evaluated using contextual evidence and appropriate editorial review.

Failure to disclose material AI use, where disclosure is required, may result in further editorial assessment. Depending on the circumstances, JDDIEA may:

• Request clarification
• Request a corrected disclosure
• Request manuscript revision
• Suspend editorial consideration
• Reject the manuscript
• Correct the published record
• Investigate the matter under the Research Misconduct Policy

Serious deceptive use of AI, including fabrication, falsification, fake citations, fraudulent images, or deliberate concealment affecting the integrity of the work, may be treated as research or publication misconduct.

JDDIEA does not consider responsible use of AI-assisted technologies to be misconduct merely because AI was used.

Assessment will focus on transparency, human accountability, scientific validity, confidentiality, research integrity, proper attribution, and compliance with applicable journal policies.

Artificial intelligence technologies and scholarly publishing practices continue to evolve.

JDDIEA may revise this policy when necessary to reflect developments in technology, publication ethics, research standards, and recognised scholarly guidance.

Authors, reviewers, and editors should follow the version of the policy applicable at the relevant stage of the submission and publication process.